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A-Level Geography
Hanan Abdi
Holderness Coast
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Holderness coast is on the northeast coast of England
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Has the fastest rate of coastal erosion in Europe.
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Cliffs which are 20 - 30m high are made of soft, glacial sands, gravels and boulder clay.
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Retreating at a rate of more than 1m - 10m a year.
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Sinces Roman times, the coast has retreated by 4km.
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The coast is exposed to waves that are powerfully destructive from the northeast.
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Eroded cliff material is carried out to sea which provides protection to the coastline.
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Some of the material is carreid southwards by LSD and provides nourishment for Spurn head.
Mappleton
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Under threat of erosion due to the erosion of cliffs
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1991 -- A coastal management scheme costing £2million was introduced
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Two types of hard engineering:
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Placing rock armour along the base of the cliff
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Two rock groynes
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This has lessened the threat of erosion at Mappleton
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The rock groynes has prevented material being carried south from Mappleton along the coast. However, this has increased erosion in the south of Mappleton.
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Increase threat of sea level rise due to climate change will accelerate the rate of coastal retreat
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Processes along the Holderness coast
Retreat of the Holderness coast
What is Being Done to Protect the Area?
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SMP – Shoreline Management Plan
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Plan controlled by DEFRA
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Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
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DEFRA supervises the scheme set up by local authorities
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SMP – detailed assessment of coastal erosion risks
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Principles of SMP – natural processes should not be interfered with unless necessary
Social Impacts
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Homes at risk of collapsing
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Property prices fallen
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Risk of erosion
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Uninsurable
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Accessibility
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Roads at risk
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Collapse
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Business at risk
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Loss of jobs
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Loss of income
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Gas terminal at Easington
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25m off cliff edge
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25% UK gas supply
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80,000m2 of farmland lost
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Farmers livelihood lost
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SMP for Holderness 1998
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Managed retreat
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Hard sea defences do not work in the long run
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Repaired regularly
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Natural processes allowed to take their course
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People affected paid compensation
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Cheaper than hard engineering
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1998 House of Commons Agriculture Committee
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Four Coastal Defence Options
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Do nothing
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Hold the existing line
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Advancing the line
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Managed retreat
Environmental Impacts
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Some SSSIs threatened
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Lagoons nr Easington
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Separated by a narrow strip of sand and shingle (bar)
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If eroded lagoons would be destroyed
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